KitchenScale: Learning to predict ingredient quantities from recipe contexts

Abstract: Determining proper quantities for ingredients is an essential part of cooking practice from the perspective of enriching tastiness and promoting healthiness. We introduce KitchenScale, a fine-tuned Pre-trained LLM (PLM) that predicts a target ingredient's quantity and measurement unit given its recipe context. To effectively train our KitchenScale model, we formulate an ingredient quantity prediction task that consists of three sub-tasks which are ingredient measurement type classification, unit classification, and quantity regression task. Furthermore, we utilized transfer learning of cooking knowledge from recipe texts to PLMs. We adopted the Discrete Latent Exponent (DExp) method to cope with high variance of numerical scales in recipe corpora. Experiments with our newly constructed dataset and recommendation examples demonstrate KitchenScale's understanding of various recipe contexts and generalizability in predicting ingredient quantities. We implemented a web application for KitchenScale to demonstrate its functionality in recommending ingredient quantities expressed in numerals (e.g., 2) with units (e.g., ounce).