Bell's Inequality and Heisenberg Measurements on Relativistic Quantum Systems

Abstract: Bell's inequality plays an important role with respect to the Einsteinian question about the physical reality of quantum theory. While Bell's inequality is usually viewed within the geometric framework of a Hilbert space quantum model, the present note extends the theory of Heisenberg measurements to quantum systems with representations in general orthogonal geometric spaces and, in particular, the Minkowski spaces of relativity theory. A Feynmanian numerical example exhibits two measurements that admit a joint probabilistic interpretation in Minkowski space while they are not jointly observable in Hilbert space. The analysis shows that probabilistic interpretations of quantum measurements may depend not only on the measuring instruments and the system states but also on the geometric space in which the measurements are conducted. In particular, an explicit numerical example is given of a Heisenberg measurement with a complete set of common observables that violates Bell's inequality in Minkowski space but, mutatatis mutandis, satisfies it in Hilbert space.