Axial anomaly effect to the chiral-partner structure of diquarks at high temperature

Abstract: Masses of positive-parity and negative-parity diquarks are investigated at finite temperature with a quark chemical potential. We employ the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, in order to delineate chiral properties of the diquarks, in particular, the mass degeneracy of chiral partners under extreme conditions. We focus on the effects of $U(1)_A$ axial anomaly on manifestation of the chiral-partner structures. We find that, in the absence of anomaly effects to the diquarks, the mass degeneracies in all $[ud]$, $[su]$ and $[sd]$ diquark sectors take place prominently above the pseudocritical temperature of the chiral restoration. On the other hand, the anomaly effects are found to hinder the $[ud]$ diquark from exhibiting the mass degeneracy, accompanied by a slow reduction of the $\bar{s}s$ condensate, while the $[su]$ and $[sd]$ diquarks are not much affected. Our present investigation will provide useful information on the chiral-partner structure with the anomaly effects of diquarks for heavy-ion collision experiments of singly heavy baryons and doubly heavy tetraquarks, and for future lattice simulations of the diquarks.