Ergodic states on type III$_1$ factors and ergodic actions

Abstract: Since the early days of Tomita-Takesaki theory, it is known that a von Neumann algebra $M$ that admits a state $\varphi$ with trivial centralizer $M_\varphi$ must be a type III$1$ factor, but the converse remained open. We solve this problem and prove that such ergodic states form a dense $G\delta$ set among all faithful normal states on any III$_1$ factor with separable predual. Through Connes' Radon-Nikodym cocycle theorem, this problem is related to the existence of ergodic cocycle perturbations for outer group actions, which we consider in the second part of the paper.