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Bubbletrons: Ultrahigh-Energy Particle Collisions and Heavy Dark Matter at Phase Transitions

Published 27 Jun 2023 in hep-ph and astro-ph.CO | (2306.15555v2)

Abstract: We initiate the study of `bubbletrons', by which we mean ultra-high-energy collisions of the particle shells that generically form at the walls of relativistic bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions (PT). As an application, we calculate the maximal dark matter mass $M_{DM}$ that bubbletrons can produce in a $U(1)$ gauge PT, finding $M_{DM} \sim 105/10{11}/10{15}$ GeV for PT scales $v_\phi \sim 10{-2}/103/109$ GeV. Bubbletrons realise a novel link between ultra-high-energy phenomena and gravitational waves (GW) sourced at the PT, from nanohertz to megahertz frequencies.

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