General wetting energy boundary condition in a fully explicit non-ideal fluids solver

Abstract: We present an explicit finite difference method to simulate the non-ideal multi-phase fluid flow. The local density and the momentum transport are modeled by the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations and the pressure is computed by the Van der Waals equation of the state (EOS). The static droplet and the dynamics of liquid-vapor separation simulations are performed as validations of this numerical scheme. In particular, to maintain the thermodynamic consistency, we propose a general wetting energy boundary condition at the contact line between fluids and the solid boundary. We conduct a series of comparisons between the current boundary condition and the constant contact angle boundary condition as well as the stress-balanced boundary condition. This boundary condition alleviates the instability induced by the constant contact angle boundary condition at $\theta \approx0 $ and $\theta \approx \pi$. Using this boundary condition, the equilibrium contact angle is correctly recovered and the contact line dynamics are consistent with the simulation by applying a stress-balanced boundary condition. Nevertheless, unlike the stress-balanced boundary condition for which we need to further introduce the interface thickness parameter, the current boundary condition implicitly incorporates the interface thickness information into the wetting energy.