Generating sequences of valuations on simple extensions of domains

Abstract: Suppose that $(K,v_0)$ is a valued field, $f(x)\in K[x]$ is a monic and irreducible polynomial and $(L,v)$ is an extension of valued fields, where $L=K[x]/(f(x))$. Let $A$ be a local domain with quotient field $K$ dominated by the valuation ring of $v_0$ and such that $f(x)$ is in $A[x]$. The study of these extensions is a classical subject. This paper is devoted to the problem of describing the structure of the associated graded ring ${\rm gr}_v A[x]/(f(x))$ of $A[x]/(f(x))$ for the filtration defined by $v$ as an extension of the associated graded ring of $A$ for the filtration defined by $v_0$. We give a complete simple description of this algebra when there is unique extension of $v_0$ to $L$ and the residue characteristic of $A$ does not divide the degree of $f$. To do this, we show that the sequence of key polynomials constructed by MacLane's algorithm can be taken to lie inside $A[x]$. This result was proven using a different method in the more restrictive case that the residue fields of $A$ and of the valuation ring of $v$ are equal and algebraically closed in a paper by Cutkosky, Mourtada and Teissier.