Generating Minimal Training Sets for Machine Learned Potentials

Abstract: This letter presents a novel approach for identifying uncorrelated atomic configurations from extensive data sets with a non-standard neural network workflow known as random network distillation (RND) for training machine-learned inter-atomic potentials (MLPs). This method is coupled with a DFT workflow wherein initial data is generated with cheaper classical methods before only the minimal subset is passed to a more computationally expensive ab initio calculation. This benefits training not only by reducing the number of expensive DFT calculations required but also by providing a pathway to the use of more accurate quantum mechanical calculations for training. The method's efficacy is demonstrated by constructing machine-learned inter-atomic potentials for the molten salts KCl and NaCl. Our RND method allows accurate models to be fit on minimal data sets, as small as 32 configurations, reducing the required structures by at least one order of magnitude compared to alternative methods.