Do Agile Scaling Approaches Make A Difference? An Empirical Comparison of Team Effectiveness Across Popular Scaling Approaches

Abstract: In the era of Agile methodologies, organizations are exploring strategies to scale development across teams. Various scaling strategies have emerged, from "SAFe" to "LeSS", with some organizations creating their own methods. Despite numerous studies on organizational challenges with these approaches, none have empirically compared their impact on Agile team effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Agile teams using different scaling methods, focusing on factors like responsiveness, stakeholder satisfaction, and management approach. We surveyed 15,078 Agile team members and 1,841 stakeholders, followed by statistical analyses. The results showed minor differences in effectiveness across scaling strategies. In essence, the choice of scaling strategy does not significantly impact team effectiveness, and organizations should select based on their culture and management style.