Supercharged two-dimensional tweezer array with more than 1000 atomic qubits

Abstract: We report on the realization of a large-scale quantum-processing architecture surpassing the tier of 1000 atomic qubits. By tiling multiple microlens-generated tweezer arrays, each operated by an independent laser source, we can eliminate laser-power limitations in the number of allocatable qubits. Already with two separate arrays, we implement combined 2D configurations of 3000 qubit sites with a mean number of 1167(46) single-atom quantum systems. The transfer of atoms between the two arrays is achieved with high efficiency. Thus, supercharging one array designated as quantum processing unit with atoms from the secondary array significantly increases the number of qubits and the initial filling fraction. This drastically enlarges attainable qubit cluster sizes and success probabilities allowing us to demonstrate the defect-free assembly of clusters of up to 441 qubits with persistent stabilization at near-unity filling fraction over tens of detection cycles. The presented method substantiates neutral atom quantum information science by facilitating configurable geometries of highly scalable quantum registers with immediate application in Rydberg-state mediated quantum simulation, fault-tolerant universal quantum computation, quantum sensing, and quantum metrology.

• The paper presents a dual-array configuration using microlens-generated optical tweezer arrays to surpass 1000 atomic qubits and form defect-free clusters of up to 441 qubits.
• It employs independent laser sources and a polarizing beamsplitter to overcome power limits, achieving nearly 98% filling efficiency during assembly cycles.
• The research advances scalable neutral atom quantum processors, paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum computing and enhanced quantum simulation experiments.

Overview of Large-Scale Quantum Tweezer Arrays with Atomic Qubits

The presented paper focuses on the implementation of a quantum-processing architecture engineered to surpass 1000 atomic qubits, quantitatively achieving configurations with as many as 441 qubits in defect-free clusters. This is accomplished through the development of a two-dimensional tweezer array composed of microlens-generated configurations, more notably featuring over 3000 potential qubit sites and a mean of approximately 1167 atomic qubits. The research highlights a strategic expansion of current capabilities using a novel approach that incorporates two independently operated arrays combined to overcome laser power constraints.

Significant Contributions and Methodologies

This work makes significant strides in the scalability of neutral atom quantum processors by tiling multiple tweezer arrays, which effectively doubles the potential number of qubits through an interleaved setup of two distinct arrays. This method allows for increased qubit sites by employing independent laser sources, addressing one of the primary limitations imposed by the available laser power. By devising an architecture where two arrays are operated in tandem, the researchers demonstrate a viable pathway to significantly supersede the limits set by a single laser source.

Key experimental features include:

• Utilization of microlens arrays (MLAs) to generate densely packed optical tweezer arrays.
• Achievement of high transparency and efficiency by combining light fields via a polarizing beamsplitter cube.
• Implementation of careful placement and high-efficiency atom transfer (78%) from a secondary array to a main quantum processing unit (QPU).

The researchers successfully applied a heuristic algorithm to manage atom defects effectively and sustain a high initial filling fraction, significantly advancing the capabilities of quantum tweezer arrays.

Experimental Achievements

The experiments documented in this study achieve an enhanced loading efficiency, allowing for defect-free target cluster assembly of up to 441 qubits. Researchers were able to demonstrate an elevated filling fraction of ~98% after a series of individual assembly cycles, with placements handled by a microlens-based system capable of interleaving and handling high optical power.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

This research introduces an intelligent step towards the realization of scalable neutral atom registers, focusing primarily on applications within quantum simulations, fault-tolerant universal quantum computations, and related quantum technologies. The advancements outlined in the architecture are substantial, offering new quantum operations mediated through Rydberg interactions, which are essential for large-scale quantum information processing.

Future Directions

This research opens doors for further enhancements in quantum tweezer array technology. Layered or multi-dimensional architectures and advanced manipulations — potentially involving chromatic setups for diverse species trapping — are feasible next steps. Strategic integration with parallelized atom transport capabilities and cryogenically enhanced conditions are suggested pathways for pushing the limits to achieve qubit numbers in the range of $10^5$, leveraging the presented linear scaling methodology with additional laser sources.

Conclusion

By establishing a robust architecture that accommodates multi-array configurations and sidestepping traditional laser power constraints, this research represents a significant progression in the field of quantum information science. Future work will likely explore the potential for broadened applications of this method across various quantum systems, with an emphasis on scalability and efficiency in quantum data processing and manipulation.