Dynamical non-locality in the near-horizon region of a black hole with quantum time

Abstract: The formalization of the modular energy operator within the curved spacetime is achieved through the timeless approach proposed by Page and Wootters. The investigation is motivated by the peculiar behavior of the near horizon region of a black hole and its quantum effects, leading to a restriction of the study to the immediate vicinity. The focus lies on the perspective of a static observer positioned close to the horizon. This paper highlights the alteration of the modular energy's behavior in this region compared to flat spacetime. Furthermore, it is observed that the geometry of the spacetime influences the non-local properties of the modular energy. Moreover, within the event horizon of the black hole, the modular energy exhibits a completely distinct behavior, rendering its modular behavior imperceptible in this specific region.