Circuit-Noise-Resilient Virtual Distillation

Abstract: Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for improving quantum algorithms' accuracy on noisy near-term devices. A typical QEM method, called Virtual Distillation (VD), can suffer from imperfect implementation, potentially leading to worse outcomes than without mitigation. To address this, we introduce Circuit-Noise-Resilient Virtual Distillation (CNR-VD), which includes a calibration process using simple input states to enhance VD's performance despite circuit noise, aiming to recover the results of an ideally conducted VD circuit. Simulations show that CNR-VD significantly mitigates noise-induced errors in VD circuits, boosting accuracy by up to tenfold over standard VD. It provides positive error mitigation even under high noise, where standard VD fails. Furthermore, our estimator's versatility extends its utility beyond VD, enhancing outcomes in general Hadamard-Test circuits. The proposed CNR-VD significantly enhances the noise-resilience of VD, and thus is anticipated to elevate the performance of quantum algorithm implementations on near-term quantum devices.