A method to specify X-ray mirrors for nanoprobe beamlines

Abstract: The development of synchrotron radiation light sources has been going on for decades. Recently, X-ray free-electron lasers as well as the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources based on multiple bend achromat lattices are commissioned and constructed. These advanced light source facilities result in beam with superior performance, such as higher brilliance, higher degree of coherence, smaller achievable focused size. To take full advantage of the unique properties of the source, the superior benefits of synchrotron radiation require high standards for the quality of optics used in beamline construction. In this paper, we took nanoprobe beamline as an example and propose a method to achieve pre-designed specifications of beamline by imposing restrictions on certain parameters of the X-ray reflective mirrors. By using this method, one can clearly illustrate the requirements of optical performance for the surface accuracy of reflective mirrors and determine which specific requirement is more stringent, which avoids procuring significantly more expensive mirrors than necessary, the correspondence between spatial frequencies and statistical parameters would also be understood. Furthermore, we have studied the problem that power spectral density (PSD) function cannot guarantee an accurate judgement of the mirror quality. This method can also be generalized to designs of other beamlines.