Biometric Technologies and the Law: Developing a Taxonomy for Guiding Policymakers

Abstract: Despite the increasing adoption of biometric technologies, their regulation has not kept up with the same pace, particularly with regard to safeguarding individuals' privacy and personal data. Policymakers may struggle to comprehend the technology behind biometric systems and their potential impact on fundamental rights, resulting in insufficient or inadequate legal regulation. This study seeks to bridge this gap by proposing a taxonomy of biometric technologies that can aid in their effective deployment and supervision. Through a literature review, the technical characteristics of biometric systems were identified and categorised. The resulting taxonomy can enhance the understanding of biometric technologies and facilitate the development of regulation that prioritises privacy and personal data protection.