Quantum State Compression Shadow

Abstract: Quantum state readout serves as the cornerstone of quantum information processing, exerting profound influence on quantum communication, computation, and metrology. In this study, we introduce an innovative readout architecture called Compression Shadow (CompShadow), which transforms the conventional readout paradigm by compressing multi-qubit states into single-qubit shadows before measurement. Compared to direct measurements of the initial quantum states, CompShadow achieves comparable accuracy in amplitude and observable expectation estimation while consuming similar measurement resources. Furthermore, its implementation on near-term quantum hardware with nearest-neighbor coupling architectures is straightforward. Significantly, CompShadow brings forth novel features, including the complete suppression of correlated readout noise, fundamentally reducing the quantum hardware demands for readout. It also facilitates the exploration of multi-body system properties through single-qubit probes and opens the door to designing quantum communication protocols with exponential loss suppression. Our findings mark the emergence of a new era in quantum state readout, setting the stage for a revolutionary leap in quantum information processing capabilities.