Determinantal approach to multiple orthogonal polynomials, and the corresponding integrable equations

Abstract: We study multiple orthogonal polynomials exploiting their explicit determinantal representation in terms of moments. Our reasoning follows that applied to solve the Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and interpolation problems. We study also families of multiple orthogonal polynomials obtained by variation of the measures known from the theory of discrete-time Toda lattice equations. We present determinantal proofs of certain fundamental results of the theory, obtained earlier by other authors in a different setting. We derive also quadratic identities satisfied by the polynomials, which are new elements of the theory. Resulting equations allow to present multiple orthogonal polynomials within the theory of integrable systems.