Late Time Acceleration with Observational Constraints in Modified Theories of Gravity

Abstract: The late time acceleration of the Universe has challenged contemporary cosmology since its discovery. General Relativity explains this phenomenon by introducing the cosmological constant, named the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM). However, the cosmological constant solution has several drawbacks that have led cosmologists to explore and propose alternative models to explain the late time acceleration of the Universe. These alternatives span from models of a dynamical dark fluid, known as dark energy, to models of large-scale modifications of the gravitational interaction, known as modified gravity. The current dissertation intends to show several ways to investigate late-time cosmology or to look at probable places for future investigations in order to shed more light on the dark sector of the Universe...