Papers
Topics
Authors
Recent
Search
2000 character limit reached

HappyRouting: Learning Emotion-Aware Route Trajectories for Scalable In-The-Wild Navigation

Published 28 Jan 2024 in cs.HC and cs.LG | (2401.15695v2)

Abstract: Routes represent an integral part of triggering emotions in drivers. Navigation systems allow users to choose a navigation strategy, such as the fastest or shortest route. However, they do not consider the driver's emotional well-being. We present HappyRouting, a novel navigation-based empathic car interface guiding drivers through real-world traffic while evoking positive emotions. We propose design considerations, derive a technical architecture, and implement a routing optimization framework. Our contribution is a machine learning-based generated emotion map layer, predicting emotions along routes based on static and dynamic contextual data. We evaluated HappyRouting in a real-world driving study (N=13), finding that happy routes increase subjectively perceived valence by 11% (p=.007). Although happy routes take 1.25 times longer on average, participants perceived the happy route as shorter, presenting an emotion-enhanced alternative to today's fastest routing mechanisms. We discuss how emotion-based routing can be integrated into navigation apps, promoting emotional well-being for mobility use.

Definition Search Book Streamline Icon: https://streamlinehq.com
References (81)
  1. Emotion regulation flexibility. Cognitive Therapy and Research 39, 3 (2015), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9662-4
  2. Nazanin Andalibi and Justin Buss. 2020. The human in emotion recognition on social media: Attitudes, outcomes, risks. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376680
  3. Individualized stress detection using an unmodified car steering wheel. Scientific Reports 11 (10 2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00062-7
  4. Electric vehicle green routing with possible en-route recharging. In 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2787–2792. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6958136
  5. Training Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognition with Crowd-Sourced Label Distribution. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (Tokyo, Japan) (ICMI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1145/2993148.2993165
  6. Tom L Beauchamp. 2003. Methods and principles in biomedical ethics. Journal of Medical ethics 29, 5 (2003), 269–274.
  7. Analyzing Transferability of Happiness Detection via Gaze Tracking in Multimedia Applications. In ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (Stuttgart, Germany) (ETRA ’20 Adjunct). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 34, 3 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379157.3391655
  8. Technical Design Space Analysis for Unobtrusive Driver Emotion Assessment Using Multi-Domain Context. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 6, 4, Article 159 (jan 2023), 30 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3569466
  9. VEmotion: Using Driving Context for Indirect Emotion Prediction in Real-Time. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 638–651. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474775
  10. Interpretable Time-Dependent Convolutional Emotion Recognition with Contextual Data Streams. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI EA ’23). ACM, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3585672
  11. Margaret M Bradley and Peter J Lang. 1994. Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 25, 1 (1994), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
  12. What If Your Car Would Care? Exploring Use Cases For Affective Automotive User Interfaces. In 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Oldenburg, Germany) (MobileHCI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 37, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403530
  13. Improving Driver Emotions with Affective Strategies. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 3, 1 (March 2019), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti3010021
  14. Affective Automotive User Interfaces–Reviewing the State of Driver Affect Research and Emotion Regulation in the Car. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 54, 7 (2021), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3460938
  15. Affective automotive user interfaces–reviewing the state of driver affect research and emotion regulation in the car. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 54, 7 (2021), 1–26.
  16. John Calfee and Clifford Winston. 1998. The value of automobile travel time: implications for congestion policy. Journal of public economics 69, 1 (1998), 83–102.
  17. Vaida Ceikute and Christian S. Jensen. 2013. Routing Service Quality – Local Driver Behavior Versus Routing Services. In 2013 IEEE 14th International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Vol. 1. 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1109/MDM.2013.20
  18. The urban greenness score: A satellite-based metric for multi-decadal characterization of urban land dynamics. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 93 (2020), 102210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102210
  19. Abhraneil Dam and Myounghoon Jeon. 2021. A Review of Motion Sickness in Automated Vehicles. In 13th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (Leeds, United Kingdom) (AutomotiveUI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3409118.3475146
  20. Monique Dittrich and Sebastian Zepf. 2019a. Exploring the Validity of Methods to Track Emotions Behind the Wheel. In Persuasive Technology: Development of Persuasive and Behavior Change Support Systems, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen, Khin Than Win, Evangelos Karapanos, Pasi Karppinen, and Eleni Kyza (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17287-9_10
  21. Monique Dittrich and Sebastian Zepf. 2019b. Exploring the validity of methods to track emotions behind the wheel. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology. Springer, 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17287-9_10
  22. Emotion Recognition from Physiological Signal Analysis: A Review. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 343 (2019), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2019.04.009 The proceedings of AmI, the 2018 European Conference on Ambient Intelligence..
  23. The effect of positive and negative emotions on young drivers: A simulator study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 49 (2017), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.07.002
  24. Paul Ekman. 1984. Expression and the nature of emotion. Approaches to emotion 3, 19 (1984), 344.
  25. Paul Ekman. 1992. Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review 99, 3 (1992), 550–553. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.550
  26. Rosenberg Ekman. 1997. What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Oxford University Press, USA.
  27. D. Eppstein. 1994. Finding the k shortest paths. In Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1109/SFCS.1994.365697
  28. Eurostat. 2021. Passenger mobility statistics. (2021).
  29. Nico H Frijda. 1993. Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. (1993).
  30. The Hierarchical Structure of Well-Being. Journal of personality 77 (06 2009), 1025–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x
  31. Contraction hierarchies: Faster and simpler hierarchical routing in road networks. In International Workshop on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms. Springer, 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68552-4_24
  32. Reginald G. Golledge. 1995. Path selection and route preference in human navigation: A progress report. In Spatial Information Theory A Theoretical Basis for GIS, Andrew U. Frank and Werner Kuhn (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 207–222.
  33. The impact of emotions and predominant emotion regulation technique on driving performance. Work 41, Supplement 1 (2012), 3608–3611. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0666-3608
  34. A formal basis for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths. IEEE transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics 4, 2 (1968), 100–107.
  35. District variations in road curvature in England and Wales and their association with road-traffic crashes. Environment and planning A 39, 5 (2007), 1222–1237. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38106
  36. Douglas Heaven. 2020. Why faces don’t always tell the truth about feelings. Nature 578, 7796 (Feb. 2020), 502–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00507-5
  37. AutoEmotive: Bringing Empathy to the Driving Experience to Manage Stress (DIS Companion ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1145/2598784.2602780
  38. AffectRoute–considering people’s affective responses to environments for enhancing route-planning services. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 28, 12 (2014), 2456–2473. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2014.931585
  39. Detection of drivers’ incidental and integral affect using physiological measures. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 5th AutomotiveUI Conference. 97–98.
  40. Beautiful…but at What Cost? An Examination of Externalities in Geographic Vehicle Routing. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 1, 2, Article 15 (jun 2017), 21 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3090080
  41. Approach to Time Dependence and Reliability in Dynamic Route Guidance. Transportation Research Record 2039, 1 (2007), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.3141/2039-04 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.3141/2039-04
  42. SoundsRide: Affordance-Synchronized Music Mixing for In-Car Audio Augmented Reality. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474739
  43. Piyawan Kasemsuppakorn and Hassan A. Karimi. 2009. Personalised Routing for Wheelchair Navigation. J. Locat. Based Serv. 3, 1 (mar 2009), 24–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489720902837936
  44. A Warm Heart and a Clear Head: The Contingent Effects of Weather on Mood and Cognition. Psychological Science 16, 9 (2005), 724–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01602.x PMID: 16137259.
  45. ”AI enhances our performance, I have no doubt this one will do the same”: The Placebo Effect Is Robust to Negative Descriptions of AI. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.16606 arXiv:2309.16606 [cs.HC]
  46. Silvia Knobloch. 2003. Mood Adjustment via Mass Communication. Journal of Communication 53, 2 (2003), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02588.x
  47. A Survey on Measuring Cognitive Workload in Human-Computer Interaction. ACM Computing Surveys (jan 2023). https://doi.org/10.1145/3582272
  48. The Placebo Effect of Artificial Intelligence in Human-Computer Interaction. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. (mar 2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3529225 Just Accepted.
  49. Driver expectations toward strategic routing. Transportation research record 2675, 11 (2021), 44–53.
  50. The empathetic car: Exploring emotion inference via driver behaviour and traffic context. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, 3 (2021), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1145/3478078
  51. CAR: The Clean Air Routing Algorithm for Path Navigation With Minimal PM2.5 Exposure on the Move. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 147373–147382. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2946419
  52. Kateri McRae and James J Gross. 2020. Emotion regulation. Emotion 20, 1 (2020), 1. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000703
  53. A. McStay and P. Pavliscak. 2019. Emotional Artificial Intelligence: Guidelines For Ethical Use. Website. Retrieved March 10, 2022 from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1frAGcvCY_v25V8ylqgPF2brTK9UVj_5Z/view.
  54. Affectnet: A database for facial expression, valence, and arousal computing in the wild. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 10, 1 (2017), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAFFC.2017.2740923
  55. Robin L. Nabi and Melanie C. Green. 2015. The Role of a Narrative’s Emotional Flow in Promoting Persuasive Outcomes. Media Psychology 18, 2 (2015), 137–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2014.912585
  56. Improving Automotive Safety by Pairing Driver Emotion and Car Voice Emotion. In CHI ’05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1973–1976. https://doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1057070
  57. How and why we travel–mobility demand and emissions from passenger transport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 104 (2022), 103195.
  58. Felix Ortag and Haosheng Huang. 2011. Location-based emotions relevant for pedestrian navigation. In Proceedings of the 25th International Cartographic Conference.
  59. The influence of emotions on driving behaviour. Traffic Psychology and driving behaviour, New-York: Hindawi Publishers (2009).
  60. Experience Maps: Experience-Enhanced Routes for Car Navigation (AutomotiveUI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/2667239.2667275
  61. Dynamic Travel Time Maps - Enabling Efficient Navigation. In 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM’06). 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSDBM.2006.19
  62. Robert Plutchik and Henry Kellerman. 2013. Theories of emotion. Vol. 1. Academic Press.
  63. The Shortest Path to Happiness: Recommending Beautiful, Quiet, and Happy Routes in the City. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1145/2631775.2631799
  64. Understanding daily car use: Driving habits, motives, attitudes, and norms across trip purposes. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 68 (2020), 306–315.
  65. Emotional states of drivers and the impact on speed, acceleration and traffic violations—A simulator study. Accident Analysis & Prevention 70 (2014), 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.010
  66. Parametric measures of effect size. The handbook of research synthesis 621, 2 (1994), 231–244.
  67. No More Autobahn! Scenic Route Generation Using Googles Street View. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Sonoma, California, USA) (IUI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1145/2856767.2856804
  68. James A. Russell. 1980. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, 6 (1980), 1161–1178. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714 Place: US Publisher: American Psychological Association.
  69. Briane Paul V. Samson and Yasuyuki Sumi. 2019. Exploring Factors That Influence Connected Drivers to (Not) Use or Follow Recommended Optimal Routes. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300601
  70. Health-Optimal Routing in Pedestrian Navigation Services. In Proceedings of the First ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Use of GIS in Public Health (Redondo Beach, California) (HealthGIS ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2452516.2452518
  71. A Review of Emotion Recognition Using Physiological Signals. Sensors 18, 7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072074
  72. Jianhua Tao and Tieniu Tan. 2005. Affective Computing: A Review. In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, Jianhua Tao, Tieniu Tan, and Rosalind W. Picard (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 981–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/11573548_125
  73. Leveraging Ubiquitous Computing for Empathetic Routing: A Naturalistic Data-Driven Approach. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451693
  74. Anger while driving. Transportation Research Part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 2, 1 (1999), 55–68.
  75. Thorsten Völkel and Gerhard Weber. 2008. RouteCheckr: Personalized Multicriteria Routing for Mobility Impaired Pedestrians. In Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1145/1414471.1414506
  76. SAR: A Social-Aware Route Recommendation System for Intelligent Transportation. Comput. J. 61, 7 (04 2018), 987–997. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxy042 arXiv:https://academic.oup.com/comjnl/article-pdf/61/7/987/25113815/bxy042.pdf
  77. User acceptance of wearable devices: An extended perspective of perceived value. Telematics and Informatics 33, 2 (2016), 256–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.007
  78. Electric-Vehicle Navigation System Based on Power Consumption. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, 8 (2016), 5930–5943. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2015.2477369
  79. Towards empathetic Car interfaces: Emotional triggers while driving. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312883
  80. EmpathicGPS: Exploring the Role of Voice Tonality in Navigation Systems during Simulated Driving. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI EA ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382935
  81. Driver Emotion Recognition for Intelligent Vehicles: A Survey. Comput. Surveys 53, 3 (July 2020), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3388790
Citations (1)
View on Semantic Scholar

Summary

No one has generated a summary of this paper yet.

Sign Up to Summarize

Paper to Video (Beta)

No one has generated a video about this paper yet.

Sign Up to Generate All Videos Subscribe on YouTube

Whiteboard

No one has generated a whiteboard explanation for this paper yet.

Sign Up to Generate

Open Problems

We haven't generated a list of open problems mentioned in this paper yet.

Generate Now

Continue Learning

We haven't generated follow-up questions for this paper yet.

Generate Now

Collections

Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.

Sign Up