Dark matter effects of a black hole with nonsingular Yukawa-modified potential in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

Abstract: This paper investigates the contribution of the nonsingular Yukawa-modified potential in the context of four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity modeling by a static and spherically symmetric black hole solution. These Yukawa-type corrections are essentially described along two parameters, $\beta$ and $\lambda$, affecting Newton's law of gravity at large distances, and a deformation parameter $\ell_0$, which is essential at short distances. Primarily, the strongest effect is encoded in $\beta$, which alters the total mass of the black hole with additional mass proportional to $\beta\mathcal{M}$, imitating the effects of dark matter at large distances from the black hole. In contrast, the effect due to $\lambda$ is small for astrophysical values. On the other hand, the EGB gravity is ruled by the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling constant $\alpha$, a fundamental parameter of the theory. We pay particular attention to thermodynamic stability, critical orbits, geodesics and quasinormal modes. The results demonstrate stability of the black hole solution for a range of values of the GB coupling constant $\alpha$. Furthermore, this study investigates the null geodesic motion, namely the shadow behavior, providing intriguing results in relation to the size of the black hole shadow.