Space-time-matter gravity as the origin of rotation in 4-D stationary and axisymmetric vacuum solutions

Abstract: The standard theory of General Relativity (GR) currently provides the most reliable description of all gravitational events in Astrophysics and Cosmology. However, current Astronomy allows measurements that contradict the predictions of GR in some gravitational scenarios such as the accelerated expansion of the Universe, the fast rotation of cluster of galaxies of the so strongly deflection of light by gravitational lenses. This has led the scientific community to propose modifications of the theory, and in particular to introduce the existence of dark matter and dark energy. One of these modified theories of gravitation proposes, from the same scheme that the geometrical theory of GR, a so called space-time-matter (STM) theory within a manifold of five dimensions where the resulting metric were able to measure adequately and adjusted to the current observations the most massive gravitational events. Here we show that the gravitational features of a 4D metric in the standard space-time can be understood as an induced effect provided by a geometrical generalization of GR into a 5D manifold. In particular the rotation corresponding to an stationary and axisymmetric 4D metric is explained as a manifestation of the existence of a new additional dimension of the manifold which can be related with the rest mass. Furthermore the equivalence between a description of gravity in 4 dimensions and the static vacuum solution constructed in a 5D manifold could allow us to obtain stationary and axially symmetric solutions not known so far. These solutions can provide metrics that lead to determine those small observational corrections that are currently related to the existence of dark matter, but that in reality could be gravitational effects well explained within a geometrical theory generalizing Einstein gravity.