Numerical Realization of Dynamical Fermionization and Bethe Rapidities in a cold quenched Bose gas

Abstract: In this numerical investigation, we explore the non-equilibrium dynamics of a cold Lieb-Liniger (LL) Bose gas -- a well established integrable quantum system in one dimension exhibiting repulsive interactions. Our study involves the presence of a hard wall potential during the ballistic expansion of the Bose gas from its ground state within an infinite deep box of length L0 to a final length L. The Quantum Monte Carlo method, based on the Generalized Feynman-Kac approach, serves as our computational tool. Given the integrability of the Lieb-Liniger model, strongly correlated systems resist thermalization. To capture the intricate dynamics we employ the concept of Bethe Rapidities(BRs), a holistic function that extends beyond atomic or energy density considerations. Our thought experiment involves a box-to-box expansion, providing a unique opportunity for direct numerical observation of Bethe Rapidities and the phenomenon of Dynamical Fermionization(DF). This investigation aims to contribute insights into the behavior of strongly correlated quantum systems during non-equilibrium processes, offering a detailed examination of Bethe Rapidities and the dynamic evolution of Fermionization throughout the expansion.