Spatial covariant gravity with two degrees of freedom in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field: perturbation analysis

Abstract: We investigate a class of gravity theories respecting only spatial covariance, termed spatially covariant gravity, in the presence of an auxiliary scalar field. We examine the conditions on the Lagrangian required to eliminate scalar degrees of freedom, allowing only two tensorial degrees of freedom to propagate. Instead of strict constraint analysis, in this work, we employ the perturbation method and focus on the necessary conditions to evade the scalar mode at linear order in perturbations around a cosmological background. Starting from a general action and solving the auxiliary perturbation variables in terms of the would-be dynamical scalar mode, we derive the condition to remove its kinetic term, thus ensuring that no scalar mode propagates. As an application of the general condition, we study a polynomial-type Lagrangian as a concrete example, in which all the monomials are spatially covariant scalars containing two derivatives. We find that the auxiliary scalar field plays a nontrivial role, and new terms in the Lagrangian are allowed. Our analysis sheds light on constructing gravity theories with two degrees of freedom in the extended framework of spatially covariant gravity.