Solid lines in axial algebras of Jordan type $\tfrac{1}{2}$ and Jordan algebras

Abstract: We show that a primitive axial algebra of Jordan type $\eta = \tfrac{1}{2}$ is a Jordan algebra if and only if every $2$-generated subalgebra is \emph{solid}, a notion introduced recently by Ilya Gorshkov, Sergey Shpectorov and Alexei Staroletov. As a byproduct, we show that a subalgebra generated by axes $a,b$ is solid if and only if the associator $[L_a,L_b]$ is a derivation. Moreover, we show that $2$-generated subalgebras that are not solid contain precisely $3$ axes.