Cosmological mass of the photon related to Stueckelberg and Higgs mechanisms
Abstract: I consider electro-weak (EW) masses and interactions generated for photons by vacuum expectation values of Stueckelberg and Higgs fields. I provide a prescription to relate their parametric values to a cosmological range derived from a fundamental Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Einstein-de Sitter cosmological constant and horizon. This yields qualitative connections between microscopic ranges acquired by $W{\pm}$ or $Z0$ gauge Bosons and the cosmological scale and minimal mass acquired by $g$-photons. I apply that procedure to an established Stueckelberg-Higgs mechanism, while I consider a similar procedure for a pair of Higgs fields that may spontaneously break all U(1)xSU(2) gauge invariances. My estimates of photon masses and their additional parity-breaking interactions with leptons and neutrinos may be detectable in suitable accelerator experiments. Their effects may also be observable astronomically through massive $g$-photon condensates that may contribute to dark matter and dark energy.
- L. G. Resca, “Minimal cosmological masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons,” General Relativity and Gravitation, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-020-2663-6 .
- L. G. Resca, “Cosmological mass of the photon and dark energy as its Bose–Einstein condensate in de Sitter space,” Indian J Phys 97, 605–621 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02395-z . https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.08398 .
- P.-H. Chavanis, “New predictions from the logotropic model,” Physics of the Dark Universe, vol. 24, p. 100271, 2019.
- P.-H. Chavanis, “Derivation of the core mass-halo mass relation of fermionic and bosonic dark matter halos from an effective thermodynamical model,” Physical Review D, vol. 100, no. 12, p. 123506, 2019.
- Y. Grossman and Y. Nir, The Standard Model: From Fundamental Symmetries to Experimental Tests. Princeton University Press, 2023.
- S. Capozziello, M. Benetti, and A. D. Spallicci, “Addressing the cosmological h_0ℎ_0h\_0italic_h _ 0 tension by the Heisenberg uncertainty,” Foundations of Physics, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 893–899, 2020.
- L. Hui, J. P. Ostriker, S. Tremaine, and E. Witten, “Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter,” Physical Review D, vol. 95, no. 4, p. 043541, 2017.
- F. Mandl and G. Shaw, Quantum field theory. John Wiley & Sons, 2 ed., 2010.
- M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, Introduction to quantum field theory. Addison-Wesley, 1995.
- H. Ruegg and M. Ruiz-Altaba, “The Stueckelberg field,” International Journal of Modern Physics A, vol. 19, no. 20, pp. 3265–3347, 2004.
- S. V. Kuzmin and D. G. C. McKeon, “Stueckelberg mass in the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model,” Modern Physics Letters A Vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 747-753, 2001; https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301003905 .
- M. Reece, “Photon masses in the landscape and the swampland,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2019, no. 7, pp. 1–28, 2019.
- A. Arvanitaki, S. Dimopoulos, S. Dubovsky, N. Kaloper, and J. March-Russell, “String axiverse,” Physical Review D, vol. 81, no. 12, p. 123530, 2010.
- N. D. Birrell and P. Davies, Quantum fields in curved space. Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- R. M. Wald, Quantum field theory in curved spacetime and black hole thermodynamics. University of Chicago Press, 1994.
- S. Hollands and R. M. Wald, “Quantum fields in curved spacetime,” Physics Reports, vol. 574, pp. 1–35, 2015.
- L. H. Ford, “Cosmological particle production: A review,” Reports on Progress in Physics, 2021.
- O. Tomalak and R.J. Hill, “Theory of elastic neutrino-electron scattering,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 101, p. 033006, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.033006; https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03379 .
- C.M. Marshall, K.S. McFarland, and C. Wilkinson, “Neutrino-electron elastic scattering for flux determination at the DUNE oscillation experiment,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 101, p. 032002, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.032002; https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10996 .
- Y. Liang and A. Czarnecki, “Photon–photon scattering: a tutorial,” Canadian Journal of Physics, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 11–16, 2012.
- P.-H. Chavanis, “A mass scale law connecting cosmophysics to microphysics,” Physics of the Dark Universe, vol. 44, p. 101420, 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dark.2024.101420 .
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper using GPT-5.
Top Community Prompts
Collections
Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.