Representation theory of the reflection equation algebra I: A quantization of Sylvester's law of inertia

Abstract: We prove a version of Sylvester's law of inertia for the Reflection Equation Algebra (=REA). We will only be concerned with the REA constructed from the $R$-matrix associated to the standard $q$-deformation of $GL(N,\mathbb{C})$. For $q$ positive, this particular REA comes equipped with a natural $$-structure, by which it can be viewed as a $q$-deformation of the $$-algebra of polynomial functions on the space of self-adjoint $N$-by-$N$-matrices. We will show that this REA satisfies a type $I$-condition, so that its irreducible representations can in principle be classified. Moreover, we will show that, up to the adjoint action of quantum $GL(N,\mathbb{C})$, any irreducible representation of the REA is determined by its \emph{extended signature}, which is a classical signature vector extended by a parameter in $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$. It is this latter result that we see as a quantized version of Sylvester's law of inertia.