2000 character limit reached
A Model of the Response of Surface Detectors to Extensive Air Showers Based on Shower Universality
Published 6 May 2024 in hep-ph, astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM, and hep-ex | (2405.03494v2)
Abstract: We present a full model of surface-detector responses to extensive air showers. The model is motivated by the principles of air-shower universality and can be applied to different types of surface detectors. Here we describe a parametrization for both water-Cerenkov detectors and scintillator surface detectors, as for instance employed by the upgraded detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Using surface detector data, the model can be used to reconstruct with reasonable precision shower observables such as the depth of the shower maximum $X_\text{max}$ and the number of muons $R_\mu$.
- R. Alves Batista et al., Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies, Front. Astron. Space Sci. 6, 23 (2019), arXiv:1903.06714 [astro-ph.HE] .
- A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger), Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory, JCAP 10, 022, arXiv:1906.07422 [astro-ph.HE] .
- A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger), Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×1018eV2.5superscript1018eV2.5{\times}10^{18}\,\text{eV}2.5 × 10 start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 18 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 121106 (2020), arXiv:2008.06488 [astro-ph.HE] .
- The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Composition implications, Phys. Rev. D 90, 122006 (2014), arXiv:1409.5083 [astro-ph.HE] .
- The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 152002 (2021), arXiv:2102.07797 [hep-ex] .
- A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger), Inferences on mass composition and tests of hadronic interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Phys. Rev. D 96, 122003 (2017), arXiv:1710.07249 [astro-ph.HE] .
- A. Aab et al. (Pierre Auger), The Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade - Preliminary Design Report (2016), arXiv:1604.03637 [astro-ph.IM] .
- A. M. Hillas, Angular and energy distributions of charged particles in electron-photon cascades in air, J. Phys. G 8, 1461 (1982).
- P. Lipari, The Concepts of ’Age’ and ’Universality’ in Cosmic Ray Showers, Phys. Rev. D 79, 063001 (2009), arXiv:0809.0190 [astro-ph] .
- M. Ave, M. Roth, and A. Schulz, A generalized description of the time dependent signals in extensive air shower detectors and its applications, Astropart. Phys. 88, 46 (2017b).
- D. Maurel, Mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays based on air shower universality, Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2013).
- A. Schulz, Measurement of the Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays, Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2016).
- A. Bridgeman, Determining the Mass Composition of Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays Using Air Shower Universality, Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2018).
- J. Hulsman, Hybrid Universality Model Development and Air Shower Reconstruction for the Pierre Auger Observatory, Dissertation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2020).
- J. Matthews, A Heitler model of extensive air showers, Astropart. Phys. 22, 387 (2005).
- W. Heitler, The quantum theory of radiation, International Series of Monographs on Physics, Vol. 5 (Oxford University Press, 1936).
- B. Rossi and K. Greisen, Cosmic-ray theory, Rev. Mod. Phys. 13, 240 (1941).
- J. Nishimura and K. Kamata, The lateral and angular distribution of cascade showers, Prog. Theor. Phys. 5, 899 (1950).
- K. Greisen, The extensive air showers, Progress in Cosmic Ray Physics 3, 3 (1956).
- K. Greisen, Cosmic ray showers, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 10, 63 (1960).
- The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Measurement of the average shape of longitudinal profiles of cosmic-ray air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2019, 018 (2019).
- J. Nishimura and K. Kamata, On the Theory of Cascade Showers, I, Prog. Theor. Phys. 7, 185 (1952).
- M. Stadelmaier, On Air-Shower Universality and the Mass Composition of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays, Ph.D. thesis, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) (2022).
- L. Cazon, R. A. Vazquez, and E. Zas, Depth development of extensive air showers from muon time distributions, Astropart. Phys. 23, 393 (2005), arXiv:astro-ph/0412338 .
- I. Allekotte et al. (Pierre Auger), The Surface Detector System of the Pierre Auger Observatory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 586, 409 (2008), arXiv:0712.2832 [astro-ph] .
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper using GPT-5.
Top Community Prompts
Collections
Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.