Monotonicity and inequalities for the ratios of two Bernoulli polynomials

Abstract: In the article, the authors establish the monotonicity of the ratios \begin{equation*} \frac{B_{2n-1}(t)}{B_{2n+1}(t)}, \quad \frac{B_{2n}(t)}{B_{2n+1}(t)},\quad \frac{B_{2m}(t)}{B_{2n}(t)},\quad \frac{B_{2n}(t)}{B_{2n-1}(t)} \end{equation*} and derive some known and new inequalities of the Bernoulli polynomials $B_n(t)$, the Bernoulli numbers $B_{2n}$, and their ratios such as $\frac{B_{2n+2}}{B_{2n}}$.