Complex Analytic Structure of Stationary Flows of an Ideal Incompressible Fluid

Abstract: In this article we introduce the structure of an analytic Banach manifold in the set of stationary flows without stagnation points of the ideal incompressible fluid in a periodic 2-d channel bounded by the curves $y=f(x)$ and $y=g(x)$ where $f, g$ are periodic analytic functions. The work is based on the recent discovery (Serfati, Shnirelman, Frisch, and others) that for the stationary flows the level lines of the stream function (and hence the flow lines) are real-analytic curves. The set of such functions is not a linear subspace of any reasonable function space. However, we are able to introduce in this set a structure of a real-analytic Banach manifold if we regard its elements as collections of level lines parametrized by the function value. If $\psi(x,y)$ is the stream function, then the flow line has equation $y=a(x,\psi)$ where $a(\cdot,\cdot)$ is a "partially analytic" function. This means that this function is analytic in the first argument while it has a finite regularity in the second one. We define the spaces of analytic functions on the line, analogous to the Hardy space, and the spaces of partially analytic functions. The equation $\Delta\psi=F(\psi)$ is transformed into a quasilinear equation $\Phi(a)=F$ for the function $a(x,\psi)$. Using the Analytic Implicit Function Theorem in the complex Banach space, we are able to prove that for the functions $f(x), g(x)$ close to constant the solution $a(x,\psi; F, f, g)$ exists and depends analytically on parameters $F, f, g$.