A derivation of the first generation particle masses from internal spacetime

Abstract: Internal spacetime geometry was recently introduced to model certain quantum phenomena using spacetime metrics that are degenerate. We use the Ricci tensors of these metrics to derive a ratio of the bare up and down quark masses, obtaining $m_u/m_d = 9604/19683 \approx .4879$. This value is within the lattice QCD value at $2 \operatorname{GeV}$ in the $\overline{\operatorname{MS}}$-scheme, $.473 \pm .023$. Moreover, using the Levi-Cevita Poisson equation, we derive ratios of the dressed electron mass and bare quark masses. For a dressed electron mass of $.511 \operatorname{MeV}$, these ratios yield the bare quark masses $m_u \approx 2.2440 \operatorname{MeV}$ and $m_d \approx 4.599 \operatorname{MeV}$, which are within/near the lattice QCD values $m^{\overline{\operatorname{MS}}}_u = (2.20\pm .10) \operatorname{MeV}$ and $m^{\overline{\operatorname{MS}}}_d = (4.69 \pm .07) \operatorname{MeV}$. Finally, using $4$-accelerations, we derive the ratio $\tilde{m}_u/\tilde{m}_d = 48/49 \approx .98$ of the constituent up and down quark masses. This value is within the $.97 \sim 1$ range of constituent quark models. All of the ratios we obtain are from first principles alone, with no free or ad hoc parameters. Furthermore, and rather curiously, our derivations do not use quantum field theory, but only tools from general relativity.