Spectral representation in Klein space: simplifying celestial leaf amplitudes

Abstract: In this paper, we explore the spectral representation in Klein space, which is the split $(2,2)$ signature flat spacetime. The Klein space can be foliated into Lorentzian $\mathrm{AdS}_3 /\mathbb{Z}$ slices, and its identity resolution has continuous and discrete parts. We calculate the identity resolution and the Plancherel measure in these slices. Using the foliation of Klein space into the slices, the identity resolution, and the Plancherel measure in each slice, we compute the spectral representation of the massive bulk-to-bulk propagator in Klein space. It can be expressed as the sum of the product of two massive (or tachyonic) conformal primary wavefunctions, with both continuous and discrete parts, and sharing a common boundary coordinate. An interesting point in Klein space is that, since the identity resolution has discrete and continuous parts, a new type of conformal primary wavefunction naturally arises for the massive (or tachyonic) case. For the conformal primary wavefunctions, both the discrete and continuous parts involve integrating over the common boundary coordinate and the real (or imaginary) mass. The conformal dimension is summed in the discrete part, whereas it is integrated in the continuous part. The spectral representation in Klein space is a computational tool to derive conformal block expansions for celestial amplitudes in Klein space and its building blocks, called celestial leaf amplitudes, by integrating the particle interaction vertex over a single slice of foliation.