On torsion in the Kauffman bracket skein module of $3$-manifolds

Abstract: We study Kirby problems 1.92(E)-(G), which, roughly speaking, ask for which compact oriented $3$-manifold $M$ the Kauffman bracket skein module $\mathcal{S}(M)$ has torsion as a $\mathbb{Z}[A^{\pm 1}]$-module. We give new criteria for the presence of torsion in terms of how large the $SL_2(\mathbb{C})$-character variety of $M$ is. This gives many counterexamples to question 1.92(G)-(i) in Kirby's list. For manifolds with incompressible tori, we give new effective criteria for the presence of torsion, revisiting the work of Przytycki and Veve. We also show that $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R P}^3# L(p,1))$ has torsion when $p$ is even. Finally, we show that for $M$ an oriented Seifert manifold, closed or with boundary, $\mathcal{S}(M)$ has torsion if and only if $M$ admits a $2$-sided non-boundary parallel essential surface.