Actual problems of the approximation theory in metrics of discrete spaces on sets of summable periodic and almost periodic functions

Abstract: This review paper highlights the main aspects of the development of research related to the solution of extreme problems in the theory of approximation in the spaces ${\mathcal S}^p$ and $B{\mathcal S}^p$ of periodic and almost periodic summable functions, respectively, where the $l_p$-norms of the sequences of Fourier coefficients are finite. In particular, the review contains the results known so far concerning the best, best $n$-term approximations and widths of classes of functions of one and many variables defined by means of $\psi$-derivatives and generalized moduli of smoothness in the spaces ${\mathcal S}^p$ and $B{\mathcal S}^p$. Particular attention is paid to the development of studies related to the derivation of direct and inverse approximation theorems in these spaces.