Generative AI as a Learning Buddy and Teaching Assistant: Pre-service Teachers' Uses and Attitudes

Abstract: To uncover pre-service teachers' (PSTs') user experience and perceptions of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications, we surveyed 167 Ghana PSTs' specific uses of GenAI as a learning buddy and teaching assistant, and their attitudes towards these applications. Employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we identified three key factors shaping PSTs' attitudes towards GenAI: teaching, learning, and ethical and advocacy factors. The mean scores of these factors revealed a generally positive attitude towards GenAI, indicating high levels of agreement on its potential to enhance PSTs' content knowledge and access to learning and teaching resources, thereby reducing their need for assistance from colleagues. Specifically, PSTs use GenAI as a learning buddy to access reading materials, in-depth content explanations, and practical examples, and as a teaching assistant to enhance teaching resources, develop assessment strategies, and plan lessons. A regression analysis showed that background factors such as age, gender, and year of study do not predict PSTs' attitudes towards GenAI, but age and year of study significantly predict the frequency of their use of GenAI, while gender does not. These findings suggest that older PSTs and those further along in their teacher education programs may use GenAI more frequently, but their perceptions of the application remain unchanged. However, PSTs expressed concerns about the accuracy and trustworthiness of the information provided by GenAI applications. We, therefore, suggest addressing these concerns to ensure PSTs can confidently rely on these applications in their teacher preparation programs. Additionally, we recommend targeted strategies to integrate GenAI more effectively into both learning and teaching processes for PSTs.