Report of the Kavli-IAU Workshop on Global Coordination, "Probing the Universe from far-infrared to millimeter wavelengths: future facilities and their synergies"

Abstract: This Report summarizes findings and recommendations from the Kavli-IAU workshop on "Probing the Universe from far-infrared to millimeter wavelengths: future facilities and their synergies" which took place from 26 to 28 March 2024 in Pasadena, CA, USA. The workshop aimed to define the needs and potential synergies for different facilities at wavelengths from 30 {\mu}m to a few cm in the post-2030 era, considering both financial and programmatic limitations and exploring how to maximize the scientific insights from the data they will yield in the coming decades. This wavelength range provides unique probes of relatively cool, dense interstellar material central to studying the physics and chemistry of nascent stars, proton-planetary disks, and young forming exoplanets. On larger scales, these facilities probe dust and dense gas in galaxies and around highly obscured accreting supermassive black holes and are thus essential for characterizing feedback processes and galaxy evolution out to the highest redshifts. Solar system and time domain studies are also addressed. The main recommendations include the need for ALMA to develop an ALMA2040 vision; for ngVLA to maintain its momentum and schedule and further develop international partnerships; for far-IR astronomy to pursue a space-based observatory with urgency; and for large aperture, wide field millimeter/submillimeter telescopes to continue studies to mature science and technology.