Discovery potential of a long-lived partner of inelastic dark matter at MATHUSLA in $U(1)_{X_3}$ extension of the standard model

Abstract: We investigate the discovery potential at the MATHUSLA experiment of a long-lived particle (LLP), which is the heavier state of inelastic scalar dark matter (DM) in third generation-philic $U(1)$ ($U(1){X_3}$) extension of the standard model. Since the heavier state and DM state form the complex scalar charged under the $U(1){X_3}$, it is natural that the heavier state $P$ is almost degenerate with the DM state and hence long-lived. We find that third generation-philic right-handed $U(1)$, $U(1)_{R_3}$, model is the most interesting, because third generation-philic models are less constrained by the current experimental results and right-handed $U(1)$ interactions leave visible final decay products without produing neutrinos. For a benchmark of the model parameters consistent with the current phenomenological constraints, we find that the travel distance of the LLP can be $\mathcal{O}(100)$ m and the LLP production cross section at the 14 TeV LHC can be $\mathcal{O}(10)$ fb. Thus, we conclude that the LLP can be discovered at the MATHUSLA with a sufficiently large number of LLP decay events inside the MATHUSLA detector.