Dissipation induced transition between delocalization and localization in the three-dimensional Anderson model

Abstract: We investigate the probable delocalization-localization transition in open quantum systems with disorder. The disorder can induce localization in isolated quantum systems and it is generally recognized that localization is fragile under the action of dissipations from the external environment due to its interfering nature. Recent work [Y. Liu, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 216301 (2024).] found that a one-dimensional quasiperiodic system can be driven into the localization phase by a tailored local dissipation where a dissipation-induced delocalized-localized transition is proposed. Based on this, we consider a more realistic system and show that a dissipation-induced transition between delocalization and localization appears in the three-dimensional (3D) Anderson model. By tuning local dissipative operators acting on nearest neighboring sites, we find that the system can relax to localized states dominated steady state instead of the choice of initial conditions and dissipation strengths. Moreover, we can also realize a delocalized states predominated steady-state from a localized initial state by using a kind of dissipation operators acting on next nearest neighboring sites. Our results enrich the applicability of dissipation-induced localization and identify the transition between delocalized and localized phases in 3D disordered systems.