High-fidelity gates in a transmon using bath engineering for passive leakage reset

Abstract: Leakage, the occupation of any state not used in the computation, is one of the of the most devastating errors in quantum error correction. Transmons, the most common superconducting qubits, are weakly anharmonic multilevel systems, and are thus prone to this type of error. Here we demonstrate a device which reduces the lifetimes of the leakage states in the transmon by three orders of magnitude, while protecting the qubit lifetime and the single-qubit gate fidelties. To do this we attach a qubit through an on-chip seventh-order Chebyshev filter to a cold resistor. The filter is engineered such that the leakage transitions are in its passband, while the qubit transition is in its stopband. Dissipation through the filter reduces the lifetime of the transmon's $f$ state, the lowest energy leakage state, by three orders of magnitude to 33 ns, while simultaneously keeping the qubit lifetime to greater than 100 $\mu$s. Even though the $f$ state is transiently populated during a single qubit gate, no negative effect of the filter is detected with errors per gate approaching 1e-4. Modelling the filter as coupled linear harmonic oscillators, our theoretical analysis of the device corroborate our experimental findings. This leakage reduction unit turns leakage errors into errors within the qubit subspace that are correctable with traditional quantum error correction. We demonstrate the operation of the filter as leakage reduction unit in a mock-up of a single-qubit quantum error correcting cycle, showing that the filter increases the seepage rate back to the qubit subspace.