Scalable General Error Mitigation for Quantum Circuits

Abstract: In quantum computing, error mitigation is a method to improve the results of an error-prone quantum processor by post-processing them on a classical computer. In this work, we improve the General Error Mitigation (GEM) method for scalability. GEM relies on the use of a matrix to represent the device error, which requires the execution of $2^{n+1}$ calibration circuits on the quantum hardware, where $n$ is the number of qubits. With our improved method, the number of calibration runs is independent of the number of qubits and depends only on the number of non-zero states in the output distribution. We run 1853 randomly generated circuits with widths between 2-7 qubits and depths between 10-140 gates on IBMQ superconducting devices. The experiments show that the mitigation works comparably well to GEM, while requiring a fraction of the calibration runs. Finally, an experiment to mitigate errors in a 100 qubit circuit demonstrates the scalable features of our method.