Theoretical Insights into Layered Metamaterials with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Abstract: The inherent trade-off between ultra-low thermal conductivity and high mechanical rigidity in natural materials limits their utility in advanced applications. Inspired by the unique architecture of layered honeycomb structures, this study introduces a new class of metamaterials designed to overcome these constraints. By systematically exploring unit cell configurations and stacking arrangements, we demonstrate that a zigzag internal geometry, analogous to rhombohedral graphene stacking, optimizes thermal insulation while maintaining relatively high mechanical rigidity. Our finite element simulations predict that these layered structures can achieve a thermal conductivity of 12.5 mW/(m.K) using zirconia as the constructing material, theoretically outperforming state-of-the-art ceramic aerogels while maintaining robust mechanical stability. This novel approach paves the way for designing next-generation super-insulating materials with customizable mechanical properties, enabling innovative applications in extreme environments, lightweight aerospace structures, and advanced thermal management systems.