Adaptive and Context-Aware Volumetric Printing

Abstract: We introduce Generative, Adaptive, Context-Aware 3D Printing (GRACE), a novel approach combining 3D imaging, computer vision, and parametric modelling to create tailored, context-aware geometries using volumetric additive manufacturing. GRACE rapidly and automatically generates complex structures capable of conforming directly around features ranging from cellular to macroscopic scales with minimal user intervention. We demonstrate its versatility in applications ranging from synthetic objects to biofabrication, including adaptive vascular-like geometries around cell-laden bioinks, resulting in improved functionality. GRACE also enables precise alignment of sequential prints, in addition to the detection and overprinting of opaque surfaces through shadow correction. Compatible with various printing modalities, GRACE transcends traditional additive manufacturing limitations, opening new avenues in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.