Evaluation of GPT-4o and GPT-4o-mini's Vision Capabilities for Compositional Analysis from Dried Solution Drops

Abstract: When microliter drops of salt solutions dry on non-porous surfaces, they form erratic yet characteristic deposit patterns influenced by complex crystallization dynamics and fluid motion. Using OpenAI's image-enabled LLMs, we analyzed deposits from 12 salts with 200 images per salt and per model. GPT-4o classified 57% of the salts accurately, significantly outperforming random chance and GPT-4o mini. This study underscores the promise of general-use AI tools for reliably identifying salts from their drying patterns.