Stability of the Couette flow for 3D Navier-Stokes equations with rotation

Abstract: Rotation significantly influences the stability characteristics of both laminar and turbulent shear flows. This study examines the stability threshold of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with rotation, in the vicinity of the Couette flow at high Reynolds numbers ($\mathbf{Re}$) in the periodical domain $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{T}$, where the rotational strength is equivalent to the Couette flow. Compared to the classical Navier-Stokes equations, rotation term brings us more two primary difficulties: the linear coupling term involving in the equation of $u^2$ and the lift-up effect in two directions. To address these difficulties, we introduce two new good unknowns that effectively capture the phenomena of enhanced dissipation and inviscid damping to suppress the lift-up effect. Moreover, we establish the stability threshold for initial perturbation $\left|u_{\mathrm{in}}\right|_{H^{\sigma}} < \delta \mathbf{Re}^{-2}$ for any $\sigma > \frac{9}{2}$ and some $\delta=\delta(\sigma)>0$ depending only on $\sigma$.