Space-Filling Curves

Abstract: We examine space-filling curves, which are surjective continuous maps from $[0,1]$ to some higher-dimensional space, usually the unit square $[0,1]^2$. In particular, we define Peano's curve and Lebesgue's curve, and state some of their properties. We also discuss the Hahn-Mazurkiewicz theorem, which characterizes those subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ that are the image of a space-filling curve. Finally, we discuss real-world applications of Hilbert curves, in particular Google's $S2$ Cells.