On the speed of coming down from infinity for (sub)critical branching processes with pairwise interactions

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of coming down from infinity for (sub)critical cooperative branching processes with pairwise interactions (BPI processes for short) under appropriate conditions. BPI processes are continuous-time Markov chains that extend pure branching dynamics by incorporating additional mechanisms that allow both competition and cooperation events between pairs of individuals. Specifically, we focus on characterising the speed at which BPI processes evolve when starting from a very large initial population in the subcritical and critical cooperative regimes. Further, in the subcritical cooperative regime, we analyse their second-order fluctuations.