Molecular Odor Prediction with Harmonic Modulated Feature Mapping and Chemically-Informed Loss

Abstract: Molecular odor prediction has great potential across diverse fields such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science, enabling the rapid design of new materials and enhancing environmental monitoring. However, current methods face two main challenges: First, existing models struggle with non-smooth objective functions and the complexity of mixed feature dimensions; Second, datasets suffer from severe label imbalance, which hampers model training, particularly in learning minority class labels. To address these issues, we introduce a novel feature mapping method and a molecular ensemble optimization loss function. By incorporating feature importance learning and frequency modulation, our model adaptively adjusts the contribution of each feature, efficiently capturing the intricate relationship between molecular structures and odor descriptors. Our feature mapping preserves feature independence while enhancing the model's efficiency in utilizing molecular features through frequency modulation. Furthermore, the proposed loss function dynamically adjusts label weights, improves structural consistency, and strengthens label correlations, effectively addressing data imbalance and label co-occurrence challenges. Experimental results show that our method significantly can improves the accuracy of molecular odor prediction across various deep learning models, demonstrating its promising potential in molecular structure representation and chemoinformatics.