Almost almost periodic type $\mathrm{III}_1$ factors and their 3-cohomology obstructions

Abstract: We construct an exemple of a full factor $M$ such that its canonical outer modular flow $\sigma^M : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathrm{Out}(M)$ is almost periodic but $M$ has no almost periodic state. This can only happen if the discrete spectrum of $\sigma^M$ contains a nontrivial integral quadratic relation. We show how such a nontrivial relation can produce a 3-cohomological obstruction to the existence of an almost periodic state. To obtain our main theorem, we first strengthen a recent result of Bischoff and Karmakar by showing that for any compact connected abelian group $K$, every cohomology class in $ H^3(K,\mathbb{T})$ can be realized as an obstruction of a $K$-kernel on the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor. We also prove a positive result : if for a full factor $M$ the outer modular flow $\sigma^M : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathrm{Out}(M)$ is almost periodic, then $M \otimes R$ has an almost periodic state, where $R$ is the hyperfinite $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor. Finally, we prove a positive result for crossed product factors associated to strongly ergodic actions of hyperbolic groups.