Circuit Partitioning and Full Circuit Execution: A Comparative Study of GPU-Based Quantum Circuit Simulation

Abstract: Executing large quantum circuits is not feasible using the currently available NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) devices. The high costs of using real quantum devices make it further challenging to research and develop quantum algorithms. As a result, performing classical simulations is usually the preferred method for researching and validating large-scale quantum algorithms. However, these simulations require a huge amount of resources, as each additional qubit exponentially increases the computational space required. Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) is a promising alternative to reduce the resources required for simulating large quantum algorithms at the cost of increased runtime. This study presents a comparative analysis of two simulation methods: circuit-splitting and full-circuit execution using distributed memory, each having a different type of overhead. The first method, using CutQC, cuts the circuit into smaller subcircuits and allows us to simulate a large quantum circuit on smaller machines. The second method, using Qiskit-Aer-GPU, distributes the computational space across a distributed memory system to simulate the entire quantum circuit. Results indicate that full-circuit executions are faster than circuit-splitting for simulations performed on a single node. However, circuit-splitting simulations show promising results in specific scenarios as the number of qubits is scaled.