Gender Bias in Perception of Human Managers Extends to AI Managers

Abstract: As AI becomes more embedded in workplaces, it is shifting from a tool for efficiency to an active force in organizational decision-making. Whether due to anthropomorphism or intentional design choices, people often assign human-like qualities - including gender - to AI systems. However, how AI managers are perceived in comparison to human managers and how gender influences these perceptions remains uncertain. To investigate this, we conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where teams of three participants worked together under a randomly assigned manager - either human or AI - who was presented as male, female, or gender-neutral. The manager's role was to select the best-performing team member for an additional award. Our findings reveal that while participants initially showed no strong preference based on manager type or gender, their perceptions changed significantly after experiencing the award process. As expected, those who received awards rated their managers as more fair, competent, and trustworthy, while those who were not selected viewed them less favorably. However, male managers - both human and AI - were more positively received by awarded participants, whereas female managers, especially female AI managers, faced greater skepticism and negative judgments when they denied rewards. These results suggest that gender bias in leadership extends beyond human managers and towards AI-driven decision-makers. As AI takes on greater managerial roles, understanding and addressing these biases will be crucial for designing fair and effective AI management systems.