Optical control of the spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional hole gas

Abstract: Relativistic effects influence the motion of charged particles in solids by intertwining spin and momentum. The resulting phenomena exhibit rich and intriguing properties that can unveil radically new quantum devices. In this context, the two-dimensional hole gas formed in group IV heterostructures is a particularly promising platform, owning to a notable spin-orbit coupling. However, the exploitation of spin-momentum locking and precise manipulation of spin currents has remained elusive thus far. Here we use the modulation-doping technique to break inversion symmetry at novel Ge1-xSnx/Ge interfaces and explore spin-orbit phenomena in the emergent Rashba-coupled hole gases. Magneto-optical investigations demonstrate the unusual establishment of a staggered band alignment with carrier lifetime in the ns range. Optical spin orientation is then leveraged to directly inject spin-polarized currents in the Rashba-split 2D gas. Spin-to-charge conversion is shown to genuinely occur at the staggered gap through the inverse spin-Hall effect. This provides unprecedented access to low-order contributions of the spin-orbit Hamiltonian. Moreover, it leads to the startling demonstration that the spin Hall angle can be optically controlled by modifying the Rashba coupling through the photoexcitation density. Ge1-xSnx quantum wells thus offer innovative solutions and functionalities stemming from their unique spin-dependent properties and intriguing quantum phenomena at the crossroad between transport and photonic realms.