HIV/AIDS Suppression in North America: Intervention Plans and Cost-Effectiveness of UNAIDS 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 Targets

Abstract: This study utilizes mathematical models to assess progress toward achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets aimed at managing and eradicating HIV/AIDS. It contrasts stochastic and deterministic models, focusing on their utility in optimizing public health strategies. Stochastic models account for real-world unpredictability, offering more realistic insights compared to deterministic approaches. The 95-95-95 targets aim for 95\% of people living with HIV to know their status, 95\% of those diagnosed to receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 95\% of those on ART to achieve viral suppression. These benchmarks are critical for reducing transmission and improving health outcomes. This analysis establishes the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) to guide interventions and examines the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibria, providing a foundation for applying optimal control strategies to minimize HIV prevalence effectively and cost-efficiently. Moreover, the data for this study was sourced from the official UNAIDS website, focusing on North America. An innovative feature of this study is the application of the Stochastic method, which enhances model accuracy and operational efficiency in simulating HIV transmission under various interventions. This research offers actionable insights for policymakers and contributes to global efforts to achieve the 95-95-95 targets by 2030, advancing the fight against HIV/AIDS.